Clinical Congress News; October 27, 1998

TUESDAY ¢ October 27, 1998

Clinical Congress News

The American College of Surgeons ¢ 84th Clinical Congress ¢ October 25-30, 1998 ¢ Orlando

At Opening Ceremony Lecture

ACS leader’s legacy remembered

“IS. Ravdin...is an example of an ex-
tinct species, the surgical chairman with
autonomous authority who could ac-
complish more with one pound on the
table than could a modern chairman
through consensus building anda dozen
committeee meetings,” according to
Clyde Barker, MD, FACS, at yesterday
morning’s Opening Ceremony Lecture
on “IS. Ravdin and Surgery at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania.” Dr. Ravdin was
ACS President (1960-1961) and Chair
of the Board of Regents (1954-1960).
Dr. Barker is the director, Harrison
Department of Surgical Research, and
John Rhea Barton Professor of Surgery,
as well as chairman, department of sur-
gery, at the University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia. Both Dr. Barker and the
revered subject of his lecture, Dr.
ec es ce
with the University of Pennsylvania.
Although born in Indiana (1894) and
educated there until his third year of
medical school, I.S. Ravdin spent the
balance of his career at Pennsylvania

At AUA

University, Dr. Barker said. In addition
to serving, from 1918-1926, under Drs.
John Deaver, Charles Frazier, and
George Muller, Dr. Ravdin also studied
in Edinburgh and London.

In his early 30s, Dr. Ravdin became
the director of the research department
at Pennsylvania University, and produc-
tively pursued laboratory interests in
hepatic physiology.

Dr. Barker said that the outbreak of
World War II was an important compo-
nent in the making of Dr. Ravdin’s ca-
reer, and recounted the following
episode, which exemplifies Ravdin’s
innovation, compassion, and no-non-
sense approach to health care. In the
20th General Hospitalin Burma (Ledo),
which was built by Ravdin’s personnel
from the ground up, soldiers suffering
a 2

t} } ciated with

SELUD Ly PllUd did¥ Lid LU CliUUIC suiling
tropical heat. The mortality rate was as

high as 20 percent. Dr. Ravdin, who

(continued on page 2)

EF Re SETI ED tyne

Dr. Barker

Adventures in quality measurement explored

In the age of performance data gather-
ing, “We live in an era of would-be re-
portcard purveyors,” Dennis S. O’Leary,
MD, said at yesterday morning’s Ameri-
can Urological Association Lecture, “
Adventures and Misadventures in Qual-
ity Measurement.”

These “report card purveyors,” con-
tinued Dr. O’Leary, are “ posed to plug
this treasure trove of information into
the information superhighway.” To as-
sist surgeons in grappling with the
introduction of performance measure-
ment data into their daily medical prac-
tices, Dr. O’Leary shared the
experiences of the Joint Commission
on Accreditation of Healthcare Organi-
zations (JCAHO) in this arena. Dr.
O’Leary is president of JCAHO, and has
spearheaded the launch of the
Commission’s newest accreditation pro-
gram for health plans and integrated
delivery systems, as well as other types
of health care networks.

Dr. O’Leary told the audience that
quality measurement adventures are not
new to the late 20th century. He re-
minded the audience that one of the
founding members of the College,

Ernest Codman, was the original
“pointman” in tracking methods. Dr.
Codman believed, Dr. O’Leary said, that
physicians and hospitals should keep
track of their patients’ outcomes, learn
from those outcomes, and then make
the results available to the public. In
1910, Dr. O’Leary said, Dr. Codman
published his “End Results Thesis,” thus
providing the beginning of the ACS
Hospital Standardization Program,
which in turn was the forerunner of the
JCAHO.

Today, however, according to Dr.
O’Leary, pressure to provide high-qual-
ity health care comes not only from
within the profession, but from public
and private purchasers, and, he said,
“these powerful parties want tangible
information.”

Dr. O’Leary said that the JCAHO is
“center stage in this new drama,” and
has been since the inception of its
Agenda for Change in 1986. Since that
time, the JCAHO has evolved its ac-
creditation methods to not only acquire
data but accrue data that an organiza-
tion can adapt to its specific needs.

Also, perpetuating Dr. Codman’s de-

sire to keep the public informed, Dr.
O’Leary said that JCAHO has “made a
clear commitment” to inform the public
about “performance information.” Dr.
O’Leary stressed the difference between
“performance information,” which is a

comprehensible interpretation of data,
and a “data dump,” which is facts with-
out context or interpretation and, there-
fore, of no help to the public.

(continued on page 3)

In this issue:

Key Contact/Grassroots Network survey

For nearly a decade, the College has maintained a Key Contact Network of
Fellows who have close ties to members of Congress. Over the years, these key
contacts have enhanced the College’s access to legislators who serve in
leadership positions and on important health care committees that shape policy
affecting surgical patients and the surgical profession. Periodically, as
important figures in Congress change, the College reaches out to the
Fellowship to identify new participants to join the Key Contact Network.

Enclosed in this issue of the Clinical Congress News is a Key Contact/
Grassroots Network questionnaire that we are asking Fellows who are known
personally by legislators and Fellows who are willing to volunteer their time to
contact their legislators to complete and return to the Socioeconomic Affairs
Department. Completed questionnaires may be dropped off at the department’s
booth in the ACS Resource Center, which is located in the general registration
area of the Orange County Convention Center; sent via fax to the College's
Washington Office at 202/337-4271; or mailed to the Washington Office at
1640 Wisconsin Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20007.

Surgical Forum dedicated to Dr. Starzl

The 49" volume of the Owen H.
Wangensteen Surgical Forum will be
dedicated to Thomas E. Starzl, MD,
FACS, at Tuesday morning’s panel dis-
cussion, “Biochemical and Molecular
Basis of Vascular Diseases: Implications
for Prevention and Treatment.” The panel
is sponsored by the Committee for the
Forum on Fundamental Surgical Prob-
lems, and will convene at 10:45 am in
room 312ABC of the Convention Center.

The following is the Surgical Forum
dedication to Dr. Staral that was written
by Ben Eiseman, MD, FACS, Denver,
CO.

“The Surgical Forum is the unique
preserve of young, academically ori-
ented surgeons: It provides a place
where aspiring surgical academicians
can present and discuss their ideas and
progress in state-of-the-art surgical sci-
ence. As such, within the past few years,
the Forum volume has been dedicated
to an outstanding academic surgeon.
There is no better example than Dr.
Thomas Starzl for such a role model.
His professional career, which led to
international recognition, is worthy of
scrutiny by any surgeon who would fol-
low in his footsteps.

“Tom Starzl was born and raised in Le
Mars, IA, where his father was a news-
paper editor. He was the beneficiary of
three important things from his par-
ents: (1) a brilliant mind; (2) a secure
background, which became the basis
for imaginative thinking and the confi-
dence in his own visions; and (3) an
ability to write simple, lucid sentences.
The aspiring surgeon will do well to
read and parse at random any one of his
subsequent 2,035 articles, eight books,
and 275 book chapters. They reflect a

Dr. Starzl

disciplined mind and an art of expres-
sion that comes from long training and
practice. This combination is an espe-
cial rarity in physicians.

From the start, Dr. Starzl’s academic
years reflected his intellectual bril-
liance. His enormous energies in pur-
suing his well-defined goals
characteristically exhaust the energies
of associates who try to match his pace.
It is not by chance that this is character-
istic of genius in many allied fields of art
and science. Perhaps one of his few
frustrations has been failure to become
not only the most outstanding trans-
plant surgeon in the world, but at the
same time be the quarterback on the
winning Superbowl football team. The
latter achievement he can only enjoy
vicariously year after year.

“Dr. Starzl graduated from Northwest-
ern University Medical School in 1952
with both MD and PhD degrees. His
mentor was Dr. Loyal Davis, adynamic,
distinguished professor and chairman

OPENING CEREMONY, from page 1

had already treated such “VIPs” as Gen-
eral Vinegar Joe Stillwell and Lord Louis
Mountbatten during the war, parlayed
his status with these influential men
and was able to convince General
Stillwell to tear the air conditioners
from the officers’ quarters at the Impe-
rial Hotel in New Dehli and install them
in his hospital. The mortality rate fell to
less than 1 percent.

By the end of the war, Dr. Ravdin had
returned to become Pennsylvania
University’s chairman of surgery. Dr.
Barker said, “ Ravdin ran his depart-
ment and to a large extent the entire
University Hospital and the School of
Medicine pretty much the same way he
ran the 20th General Hosptial—as a
commanding general...Small wonder
that he was able to maintain control.”

As for Dr. Ravdin’s personality, Dr.
Barker said that he demanded and got
complete loyalty and obedience from
his residents and faculty in turn for
which “he protected and cherished
them....They both feared and loved
him.”

According to Dr. Barker, Dr. Ravdin’s
laboratory produced leading research
in shock, blood substitutes, wound heal-

2 The American College of Surgeons

ing, surgical infections, and antibiotics.
While Dr. Ravdin was chairman, Dr.
Barker said, “his department’s stature
was exceeded only by Ravdin’s personal
recognition, locally and internationally.”
In fact, in 1956, while chairing a meet-
ing of the ACS Board of Regents, Dr.
Ravdin was interrupted by a message
that President Eisenhower was sick,
and that the presidential airplane, the
Columbine, was being sent for him.
Ravdin advised immediate surgery for
intestinal obstruction and effected a
succesful bypass procedure.

After serving as chairman of his de-
partment for 15 years, Dr. Ravdin con-
tinued to the office of vice-president
of medical affairs. During this time,
he served as President of the ACS
(1960-1961). He remained an active
and colorful influence in surgery, Dr.
Barker said, until health issues forced
him to retire.

In concluding his lecture, Dr. Barker
said of Dr. Ravdin, “His continuing in-
fluence is most easily recognized in the
accomplishments of his 100 trainees,
many of whom became professor and
15 of whom headed their own depart-
ments.”

October 27, 1998

of neurosurgery. Only those of us who
knew both Loyal Davis and Tom Starzl
appreciate the important imprint Loyal
Davis had on his young student and,
subsequently, his surgical clerk and
junior faculty member. The two were
cut from the same cloth. Tom Starzl was
one of the very few who could live up to
Loyal Davis’s work ethic and demand
for excellence.

“During Dr. Starzl’s surgical resi-
dency years, he honed his surgical and
scientific skills in Chicago, Baltimore,
Los Angeles, and Miami. He was grop-
ing for a precise goal in academic sur-
gery—always a brilliant achiever, but
not knowing precisely where he was
going. This part of his career is also
worth analyzing by young surgical aca-
demicians who often feel frustrated in
not intuitively knowing the precise area
of surgery they are going to pursue.
Knowing precisely is about as uncom-
mon as knowing which girl one should
marry when in high school.

“Tom Starzl hit his stride when he
moved to the University of Colorado in
1961 as the Chief of Surgery at the
Denver Veterans Administration Hos-
pital. Three years later, he decided to
be a transplant surgeon. Thereafter,
nothing—but nothing—became a serious
diversion in his personal or professional
life. Successful people are goal oriented,
and Dr. Starzl’s ambitions are palpable.
His intellectual and personal genius
were ideal for leadership in the then
undeveloped field of organ transplanta-
tion.

“Dr. Starzl’s first Forum paper was
presented in 1960. Of his 20 subsequent
Forum publications, 16 appeared be-
tween 1960 and 1974. Then, as now,
participation in the ACS Forum served
as academic tea leaves in predicting a
surgeon’s academic future.

“In Tom Starzl’s day, the October
Forum was the arena for no- holds-
barred scientific and delightfully infor-
mal surgical jousting, as Dr. Starzl and
a few other young surgeons plotted the
subsequent path of transplant immu-
nology and its clinical application. It
coincided with equivalent developments
in cardiac and vascular surgery. This

time was perhaps American surgery’s
greatest moment, creating a sense of
excitement and belonging for all those
who participated. Among those elite,
Tom Starzl was primum inter pares.

“It is appropriate to note that the ma-
jority of Dr. Starzl’s original research
ideas were conceived and developed
during his Denver years. Recognition
and clinical development came later,
but this time was the most productive of
his professional life. While in Colorado,
he kept pushing the frontiers of kidney
transplantation and on May 5, 1963,
culminated a long series of laboratory
experiments by performing the first
successful liver transplant. He had bro-
ken into the clear, and for many years
thereafter in Denver and after 1980 when
he moved to Pittsburgh, repeatedly re-
fined the operative and immunologic
management of these patients.

“With Dr. Starzl’s move to the Univer-
sity of Pittsburgh, that city became the
new Mecca for transplant surgeons from
every part of the world. True believers
are found in leadership positions world-
wide. To date, Thomas Starzl is the
recipient of 22 honorary degrees from
prestigious universities throughout the
world. He is, of course, a member or
honorary member of essentially every
prestigious academic organization and
surgical college, many of which have
conferred on him special awards.

“This dedication is not an obituary,
for Tom Starzl continues to have origi-
nal and challenging new ideas. Most, I
am delighted to observe, are just as
controversial among those who insist
that the world is flat, as were his ideas
when Dr. Starzl was developing liver
transplantation. He is now actively en-
gaged in exploring ways to develop chi-
merism between organ donors and
recipients.

“It is most appropriate as we approach
the end of the 20th century that this
Forum volume be dedicated to Dr. Tho-
mas Starzl. He will go down in history
as one of the most important surgical
scientists of this millennium, and his
professional life will serve as a role
model for others who would follow in
his footsteps.”

Clinical Congress News

VOLUME 49 NUMBER 2

Editor
Stephen J. Regnier

Associate Editor
Jennifer F. Herendeen

Photography Editor
Tina Woelke

Director of Communications
Linn Meyer

Photography
Chuck Giorno Photography

Published daily October 25-30

Office: Hall A4

Orange County Convention Center
Phone: 248-5031

Items of interest or information must be
reported to the office of the Clinical Con-
gress News by 11:30 am on the day pre-
ceding the desired day of publication.

Device noninvasively assesses early signs
of rejection in transplanted lungs

Researchers have developed an instru-
ment that detects the early stages of
rejection in transplanted lungs. They
have successfully completed the first
stages of testing the device in animals,
and presented the results of the study
on Monday during the Owen H.
Wangensteen Surgical Forum. If it
proves to be effective in further testing,
the device could increase the number of
patients who would benefit from lung
transplantation.

Approximately 1,700 lung transplan-
tation procedures are performed every
year for pa- tients with diseases involvy-
ing the lungs, such as emphysema, cys-
tic fibrosis, chronic dilation of the
bronchi, or the heart, including con-
genital heart disease that results in fi-
brosis of the pulmonary vessels. As
many as two to three times more pa-
tients might benefit from lung
transplanta-tion if rejection could be
spotted before it became chronic and
threatened the life of the donated lung.
“The number of patients who were can-
didates for lung transplantation could
quadruple or quintuple, with the aid of

AUA, from page 1

As the JCAHO continues to build mea-
and feasibility for physicians and their
institutions, Dr. O’Leary said, since 1995
it has incorporated other measurement
systems that contribute to performance
measurement, and has formed a Na-
tional Advisory Committee to evaluate
these other systems. Today, the com-
mittee has approved 270 systems, and,

this device,” Bernard Hausen, MD, a
cardiothoracic surgeon at Stanford Uni-
versity, Palo Alto, CA, said.

The device measures increases in
pulmonary artery pressure, which is part
of the rejection process. Dr. Hausen
explained that rejection causes cells in
the pulmonary vascular bed to swell. As
the diameter of blood vessels in the lung
shrinks, more force is required to pump
blood through. “Pulmonary artery pres-
sure now can be measured invasively by
placing a catheter in the pulmonary ar-
tery. But you can do this only as long as
a patient is in the hospital. With the new
technology, we insert a miniature probe,
like a little pacemaker, in the pulmonary
artery and continuously measure the
pressure in the pulmonary artery tele-
metrically, without a cable. A sensor
monitors the frequency the device emits,
and the frequency encodes the changes
in pulmonary artery pressure for a pa-
tient.”

Dr. Hausen envisions a time when
transplant patients could have pulmo-
nary artery pres-sure assessed every
night while they slept. “A computer

added Dr. O’Leary, “we have progres-
sively ratcheted up the performance cri
teria [organizations] must meet.”

Finally, he pointed out the “basic re-
alities” of performance measurement:
The human condition wishes not to be
measured; measurement is a new cost
in a cost-restrained environment; and
our society is not accepting of subperfect
results.

with a receiver would be next to the
patient without a cable touching him or
her. The computer would determine
and record the pa-tient’s pulmonary ar-
tery pressure over a period of a few
hours, average the pressure, and dial
the data into the hospital’s main com-
puter over amodem. The hospital com-
puter would compare each day’s
pressure with those from previous days,
weeks, and months. If it detected an
increase in the pressures over time, it
would alert the physician that the trend
in increased pressure may point in the
direction of rejection,” he said.

The study demonstrated that the de-
vice could be implanted in the pulmo-
nary artery of primates without causing
any adverse effects. A miniature telem-
etric pressure probe was surgically in-
serted in the pulmonary artery, and its
attached transmitter and battery were
placed in the chest cavity in 36 primates.
The device, which is manufactured by
Data Sciences International (St. Paul,
MN), and used in animal studies of im-
munosuppression, tracked changes in
pulmonary vascular pressure for 28 days.

Throughout that period, the animals had
no signs of infection or emboli. Changes
in pulmonary artery pressure tabulated
by the device correlated with the sever-
ity of rejection of transplanted lung tis-
sue as confirmed by biopsy results.

“This is a proof of concept study in
which we test, number one, that this can
be implanted without causing complica-
tions. Number two, we can compare the
pulmonary artery pressures in allografts
that are rejecting and those that aren’t
rejecting, and correlate changes in pres-
sure with the degree of rejection as de-
termined by multiple biopsies from each
lung,” Dr. Hausen said.

Dr. Hausen and his colleagues are
continuing to evaluate the use of the
probe over longer periods in animals.
“We hope to go at some point to the
clinic and use this as standard routine
follow-up procedure for patients in the
first critical year after transplantation,”
he said.

Joining Dr. Hausen in the study of the
device were Tuija Ikonen, MD; Gerald J.
Berry, MD; Laurie Hook, RVT; and
Randall E. Morris, MD.

Sie i RR Tp FRR 2S
Message and Information Center

The Message and Information Center, located in the registration area of the
convention center, can provide you with messages, information about the pro-
grams and related activities, and the names of individuals who are registered and
their hotels.

New this year is the MSv2, which is a video-computer Internet messaging
system. The ACS Electronic Message System will utilize advanced network
technology to connect video message kiosks that are located in prominent areas
of the Orange County Convention Center and the Walt Disney World Dolphin
Hotel. Any person who has access to the Internet may leave a message using the
following show messaging address: ClinicalCongress98.postmessage.com.

Simply search the list of attendees, then post a message in their mailbox. Within
minutes, the name will appear on the video-paging monitors along with the
message posted on site. The attendee sees his or her name and retrieves the
message from their mailbox to read, print, or reply. Please note that you will need
to use your registration number — located on the back of your name tag in small
numerals — to activate the system. Also, look for conference and exhibitor updates
on the information kiosks located inside Hall A of the convention center.

407/248-5020 Voice
Global access through the Internet: Clinical Congress98.postmessage.com
The message center will be staffed Tuesday - Thursday, 7:30 am-5:00 pm. The

video paging systems are operational 24 hours a day. You may also use your laptop
PC and the Internet address at anytime to post and/or receive messages.

To keep updated on all Congress events, make sure to pick up your copy of the
current Clinical Congress News.

Send us your e-mail address

It’s no secret that electronic mail is revolutionizing the way more and more
organizations and individuals do business today. Why? Because it’s a timely
and cost-effective method of communication.

Like many other organizations, the College will increasingly use e-mail as a
primary method of communicating with our Fellows. So it’s very important that
we have your e-mail address in our database.

If you haven’t already done so, please be sure to send your e-mail address to
the College. Your note should be directed to pduke@facs.org.

The American College of Surgeons October 27, 1998 $

New York hosts 27" Spring Meeting

The 27" annual ACS Spring Meeting
will be held April 25-28, 1999, at the
New York Hilton and Towers.

To emphasize its strong commitment
to and support of general surgery, the
American College of Surgeons devotes
its annual Spring Meeting to the inter-
ests and needs of the practicing general
surgeon.

The Advisory Council for Surgery has
planned a program for the 1999 Spring
Meeting that will be of interest to all
general surgeons. Postgraduate hands-
on courses in “Ultrasound for Sur-
geons,” “Ultrasound for Surgeons:
FAST Module,” and “Surgical Educa-
tion: Principles and Practices” will pro-
vide didactic and workshop experience
in these techniques that have become

useful and necessary tools for the mod-
ern general surgeon.

The Assembly for General Surgeons
on Sunday, April 25, “Credentialing
for New Procedures,” will focus on
practical issues surrounding the in-
troduction of scientific advances and
evolutions in surgical techniques into
modern surgical practice. This inter-
active general session encourages
discussion by all in attendance, so
that the views of practicing general
surgeons on the important issues of
the day can be shared.

Panels on small bowel obstruction,
management of the distal common bile
duct, upper and lower gastrointestinal
bleeding, the role of the general sur-
geon in the diagnosis and treatment of

gynecologic diseases of the female pel-
vis, and surgery of the thyroid and par-
athyroid will be complemented by
popular didactic courses in current can-
cer management, focused minimal ac-
cess surgery, vascular surgery, and
trauma. The Film Program: Highlights
of the 1998 Clinical Congress, will round
out an exciting spring program.

As a special feature, the Advisory
Council for Surgery has added the post-
graduate hands-on course “Image
Guided Breast Biopsy,” offering a di-
dactic as well as workshop experience.
This course is being offered on Satur-
day and Sunday April 24 and 25, in
advance of the Spring Meeting. Spring
meeting registration is NOT included
with this course.

1999 Spring Preliminary Meeting Program

Saturday-Sunday,
April 24-25

7:30 am—5:30 pm

Image-Guided Breast Biopsy
Chair: Kambiz Dowlat, MD, FACS, Chi-
cago, IL

Sunday, April 25

1:00-0:50 pm

Assembly for General Surgeons
Credentialing for New Procedures
Moderator: Josef E. Fischer, MD, FACS,
Cincinnati, OH

Monday, April 26

8:30-10:30 am

General Session

Small Bowel Obstruction
Moderator: Jon S. Thompson, MD,
FACS, Omaha, NE

8:30 am-5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 1

Surgical Education: Principles and
Practice (6 hours)

Co-Chair: Hugh M. Foy, MD, FACS,
Seattle, WA

Co-Chair: Stephen R. T. Evans, MD,
FACS, Washington, DC

8:30 am-5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 2

Ultrasound for Surgeons (12
hours) (Monday-Tuesday)

Chair: R. Stephen Smith, MD, FACS,
Wichita, KS

11:00 am—12:00 noon

Excelsior Surgical Society/Edward
D. Churchill Lecture

Lecturer: Frank C. Spencer, MD, FACS,
New York, NY

12:00 noon-3:30 pm
Exhibits Open

1:30-5:00 pm
General Session

Management of Distal Common
Bile Duct

Mindera T 1 RD 2 ee |e AAT)
i reveiln, Wil,

FACS, Shawnee Mission, KS

5:00-7:00 pm
Exhibits Open
(Reception)

7:00-9:00 pm

Film Program

Highlights of the 1998 Clinical
Congress

Introducer: Gerald O. Strauch, MD,
FACS, Chicago, IL

Tuesday, April 27

10:00 am-3:30 pm
Exhibits Open

8:30-10:30 am

General Session

Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal
Bleeding

Moderator: Talmadge A. Bowden, Jr.,
MD, FACS, Augusta, GA

8:30 am-5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 2

Ultrasound for Surgeons (12
hours) continuation from Monday
Chair: R. Stephen Smith, MD, FACS,
Wichita, KS

4 The American College of Surgeons

October 27, 1998

8:30 am-5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 3

Vascular Surgery, 1999 (6
hours)

Chair: Frank W. LoGerfo, MD, FACS,
Boston, MA

8:30 am—5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 4

Trauma: Interactive Case
Management (6 hours)
Chair: Donald D. Trunkey, MD, FACS,
Portland, OR
1:30-5:00 pm
General Session

The Role of the General Surgeon
in the Diagnosis and Treatment of
Gynecologic Disorders of the
Female

Moderator: Clifford R. Wheeless, Jr.,
MD, FACS, Baltimore, MD

Wednesday, April 28

8:30 am—5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 5

Focused Minimal Access Surgery
(6 hours)

Chair: George McGee, MD, FACS,
Hattiesburg, MS

8:30 am—5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 6

New Directions in Management of
Common Cancer (6 hours)

Chair: Nicholas J. Petrelli, MD, FACS,
Buffalo, NY

To enhance the educational value
of this meeting, technical exhibits will
again be presented. More than 50
companies will present products or
services that relate to the practice of
surgery.

Fellows, Associate Fellows, and Can-
didate Group members of the College
will be receiving the 1999 Spring Meet-
ing Advance Brochure and registration
form in early January.

A preliminary program will be pub-
lished in the January 1999 issue of the
Bulletin. Also look for information on
our Web site: www.facs.org beginning
in January. Further registration infor-
mation may be obtained from the Con-
vention and Meetings Division at
College headquarters.

8:30 am-5:00 pm
POSTGRADUATE COURSE 7

Ultrasound for Surgeons: FAST
Module (6 hours)

Chair: Grace S. Rozycki, MD, FACS,
Atlanta, GA

9:00 am—12:00 noon

General Session

Surgery of the Thyroid and
Parathyroid: Image-Guided
Techniques

Moderator: John B. Hanks, MD, FACS,
Charlottesville, VA

Register online at
http://www.facs.org

Registration fees

Fellows: No Fee

Associate Fellows: No Fee
Participants in ACS Candidate Group:
No Fee

Medical Students: No Fee

Guest Physicians: $375
Residents: $100

Allied Health: $150

Commercial Representative: $375
(Fees are subject to change)

Continuing Education Credit

The American College of Surgeons is
accredited by the Accreditation Coun-
cil for Continuing Medical Education to
sponsor continuing medical education
(CME) for physicians.

The American College of Surgeons
designates that this continuing medical
education activity meets the criteria for
hour-for-hour credit in Category 1 of
the Physician’s Recognition Award of
the American Medical Association.
Each physician should claim only those
hours of credit that he/she actually
spent in the educational activity.

Allied Meetings
Tuesday

Morning

ciICD

6:30 am - 8:30 am. Breakfast

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Asia 2, Floor
Lobby Level

Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
7:00 am - 3:00 pm. Breakfast

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 3, Floor
Lobby Level

American Society of Colon and Rectal Sur-
geons - Socioeconomic Committee

7:00 am - 8:00 am. Breakfast

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 15, Floor Mezza-
nine

Surgical Journal Editors
7:00 am - 9:00 am. Breakfast
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 3, Floor Mezzanine

Indiana Chapter, ACS

7:00 am - 9:00 am. Breakfast

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 6, Floor
Mezzanine Level

American Society of Colon and Rectal Sur-
geons - Standards Committee

8:00 am - 10:30 am. Breakfast

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 8, Floor Mezzanine

The Mont Reid Society of the University of
Cincinnati

11:30 am - 2:00 pm. Luncheon

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 7, Floor Ground
Level

American Society of Breast Surgeons
11:30 am - 1:15 pm. Luncheon

The Peabody Orlando, Bayhill |, Floor Mezza-
nine Level

Karger Publishers: Editorial Board Meeting,
Digestive Surgery

11:30 am - 1:30 pm. Luncheon

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 22, Floor Mezza-
nine

American Society of General Surgeons
11:45 am - 1:30 pm. Luncheon
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 3, Floor Mezzanine

Afternoon

Panamerican Trauma Society

12:00 pm - 2:00 pm. Luncheon

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 4, Floor
Lobby Level

American Society of Colon and Rectal Sur-
geons - CME Committee

12:30 pm - 2:00 pm. Luncheon

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 8, Floor Mezzanine

American Society of General Surgeons
2:00 pm - 5:00 pm.Meeting

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 14, Floor Mezza-
nine

American Society of Colon and Rectal Sur-
geons - New Technologies Committee
2:00 pm - 4:00 pm. Meeting

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 11, Floor Mezza-
nine

James IV Association of Surgeons, Inc.
4:00 pm - 6:00 pm. Meeting

Directors Meeting - 4 pm -5 pm.;

Members Meeting 5 pm -6 pm.

Walt Disney World Swan, Mockingbird 1, Floor
Ground Level

American Society of Colon and Rectal Sur-
geons - Anniversary Committee

4:30 pm - 6:30 pm. Meeting

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 15, Floor Mezza-
nine

Evening

University of Chicago Department of Sur-
gery

5:00 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Salon A4, Floor
Ballroom Level

Brooklyn and Long Island Chapter, ACS
5:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Macaw, Floor Ground
Level

Baylor College of Medicine

5:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 6, Floor Ground
Level

University of Colorado, Department of Sur-
gery

5:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Pelican 1, Floor
Ground Level

Tulane University Department of Surgery
5:30 pm - 7:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Asia 2, Floor
Lobby Level

University of California, San Diego Medical
Center

5:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

The Peabody Orlando, Plaza F, Floor Conven-
tion Level

James D. Rives Surgical Society

5:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

The Peabody Orlando, Plaza G, Floor Conven-
tion Level

SUNY HSC Syracuse Department of Surgery
and Syracuse Medical Alumni Association
5:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Europe 10, Floor
Lobby Level

VUMC-Section of Surgical Sciences

5:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 8, Floor Ground
Level

COST Laparoscopic Trial

5:30 pm - 7:00 pm. Meeting

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 5, Floor
Mezzanine Level

Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Fellows’
Alumni Association

5:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Europe 11, Floor
Lobby Level

University of New Mexico School of Medi-
cine, Department of Surgery

5:30 pm - 7:00 pm. Reception

Omni Rosen Hotel, Salon 2

James IV Association of Surgeons, Inc
6:00 pm - 7:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Mockingbird 2,
Floor Ground Level

Department of Surgery, SUNY at Stony Brook
6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Parrot, Floor Ground
Level

UC Davis Surgical Association

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Peacock, Floor
Ground Level

University of Virginia, Department of Sur-
gery

6:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 2, Floor Ground
Level

Department of Surgery, University of Louis-
ville Reception for Alumni, Faculty and
Friends

6:00 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Asia 3, Floor
Lobby Level

Georgetown University Alumni Association
6:00 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Europe 9, Floor
Lobby Level

Wayne State University Alumni Association
6:00 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 3, Floor
Lobby Level

University of lowa Department of Surgery
Alumni

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Europe 1, Floor
Lobby Level

Stanford University Departments of Surgery
and Cardiothoracic Surgery

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 7, Floor
Lobby Level

Northwestern Surgical Alumni

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 6, Floor
Lobby Level

Loyola University Department of Surgery
6:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Copa Banana,
Floor Lobby Level

Memorial Sloan Kettering

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

The Peabody Orlando, Plaza H, Floor Conven-
tion Level

Will C Sealy Surgical Society
6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 3, Floor Mezzanine

The Cleveland Clinical Foundation Alumni
Association

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 4, Floor Mezzanine

John Jones Surgical Society

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Dinner

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 13, Floor Mezza-
nine

University of Minnesota Department of Sur-
gery

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 11, Floor Mezza-
nine

University of Oklahoma Surgical Society
and the Department of Surgery University of
Oklahoma

6:00 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 14, Floor Mezza-
nine

Albany Medical College

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 6, Floor
Mezzanine Level

Maimonides Surgical Society

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 7, Floor
Mezzanine Level

Maryland Chapter, ACS

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 9, Floor
Mezzanine Level

Puerto Rico Chapter, ACS

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 10, Floor
Mezzanine Level

Mount Sinai Medical Center

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 4, Floor
Lobby Level

State University of New York at Buffalo
Department of Surgery

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 18, Floor
Mezzanine Level

Medical College of Ohio Alumni Association
6:00 pm - 7:00 pm. Reception

Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa, Captain,
Floor Ground Level

University of North Carolina Surgical Alumni/
Nathan A Womack Surgical Society

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa, Ireland B,
Floor Ground Level

Jefferson Medical College

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Asia 5, Floor
Lobby Level

Ravdin-Rhoades

6:00 pm - 10:00 pm. Reception/Dinner
Walt Disney World Dolphin, Salon A1, Floor
Ballroom Level

Roy D McClure Alumni Society of Henry Ford
Hospital

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Salon A3, Floor
Ballroom Level

Indiana University

6:00 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 9, Floor Ground
Level

Tufts University School of Medicine and
Deterling Surgical Society

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

The Peabody Orlando, Plaza A, Floor Conven-
tion Level

Hong Kong Chapter, American College of
Surgeons

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Salon IV, Floor
Ballroom Level

Society of Asian-Indian Surgeons of North
America (ASSIO)

6:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Dinner

Radisson Barcello Hotel

South Carolina Chapter, ACS

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Pelican 2, Floor
Ground Level

University of Cincinnati Department of Sur-
gery

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 1, Floor Ground
Level

New Jersey University Programs & ACS
Chapter and Benjamin F. Rush Jr., Surgical
Society

6:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 4, Floor Ground
Level

Fairview Hospital Alumni

6:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Swan, Dove, Floor Second
Level

Departments of Surgery, Canadian Universi-
ties/Royal College of Physicians and Sur-
geons of Canada

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Asia 4, Floor
Lobby Level

Washington University School of Medicine,
Department of Surgery

6:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception/Dinner

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Americas Semi-
nar Room, Floor Ballroom Level

Vermont ACS Chapter/University of Ver-
mont

6:30 pm - 7:45 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 2

Mayo Alumni Association

6:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

The Peabody Orlando, Orlando III, Floor Con-
vention Level

(continued on page 7)

6 The American College of Surgeons

October 27, 1998

Allied Meetings

East Carolina University Department

of Surgery

6:30 pm - 9:30 pm. Reception/Dinner

The Peabody Orlando, Orlando |, Floor Con-
vention Level

Duke University Surgical Alumni
6:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 1, Floor Mezzanine

Lahey Clinic
6:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 6, Floor Mezzanine

Medical College of Wisconsin/Marquette
Alumni

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm. Reception

Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa, Great Hall
East, Floor Ground Level

University of Massachusetts Medical Cen-
ter

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm. Reception

Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa, Ireland C,
Floor Ground Level

Surgical Society of New York Medical Col-
lege

6:30 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa, Oxford,
Floor Ground Level

Society of Philippine Surgeons in America
6:30 pm - 11:00 pm. Reception/Dinner
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 9, Floor Mezzanine

Akron General Medical Center Department
of Surgery

6:30 pm - 8:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Salon A2, Floor
Ballroom Level

Beth Israel Deaconess Surgical Service
6:30 pm - 8:30 pm. Reception

Clarion Plaza Hotel Orlando, Salon 17, Floor
Mezzanine Level

Wake Forest University School of Medicine,
Department of Surgery

6:30 pm - 7:30 pm. Reception

Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa, Yeoman,
Floor Ground Level

University of Michigan, Department of Sur-
gery Alumni

6:30 pm - 8:30 pm. Reception

Ming Court Restaurant

Department of Surgery, New York Univer-
sity

7:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 1, Floor
Lobby Level

Boston University Surgical Alumni

7:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

The Peabody Orlando, Orlando II, Floor Con-
vention Level

University of Missouri Department of Sur-
gery and University Missouri Surgical Soci-
ety

7:00 pm - 9:30 pm. Reception/Dinner

The Peabody Orlando, Coconuts, Floor Recre-
ational Level

Medical College of Georgia, Department of
Surgery and the Georgia Chapter, ACS
7:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 5, Floor Mezzanine

AUB Surgical Alumni Society

7:30 pm - 11:00 pm. Reception/Dinner
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salons 7/8, Floor Mezza-
nine

University of Utah Department of Surgery
7:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

Buena Vista Palace Resort & Spa, Sapphire,
Floor Ground Level

Chirurgio Society

7:00 pm - 9:00 pm. Reception

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 5, Floor
Lobby Level

Wednesday

Morning

International Society of Surgery (SIC) United
States Chapter

6:45 am - 8:00 am. Breakfast

Walt Disney World Swan, Swan 1, Floor Ground
Level

Mosby Inc
7:00 am - 9:00 am. Breakfast
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 1, Floor Mezzanine

SAGES

7:00 am - 12:00 pm. Breakfast

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 11, Floor Mezza-
nine

Contemporary Surgery Editorial Board
7:30 am - 9:00 am. Breakfast

Walt Disney World Dolphin, Oceanic 5, Floor
Lobby Level

Association of Women Surgeons
8:00 am - 10:00 am. Breakfast
OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 3, Floor Mezzanine

Tripler General Surgery

11:00 am - 1:00 pm. Luncheon

The Peabody Orlando, Orlando |, Floor Con-
vention Level

American Society of Colon and Rectal Sur-
geons - RF Young Researchers

11:30 am - 12:30 pm. Luncheon

OMNI Rosen Hotel, Salon 5, Floor Mezzanine

Portraits

Arrangements have been made with Oscar & Associates to photograph Initiates and
Fellows of the College who desire to have full color or black-and-white portraits taken
in fellowship robes. A photographer will be available in Hall A4 of the registration area
in the Orange County Convention Center during the following times: Tuesday
through Thursday from 7:30 am until 5:00 pm.

It is suggested that you arrange for your sitting as early in the week as possible.
Oscar & Associates will have an assortment of official Fellowship caps and gowns
available for your use. There is no charge for the sitting itself. Proofs will be viewed
in full color, from which you may order either color or black-and-white finished
photographs. A schedule of rates is available at the studio and appointment desk.

Initiates and Fellows who elect to be photographed will see their “proofs” via
video screen immediately after their sitting. Although the photography is done by
conventional process, an Eastman Kodak electronic previewing system will be
used, which allows for simultaneous recording on film and video. This system
allows the subject to select favorite views prior to leaving the studio area.

Program Changes

Cancellations

Tuesday, October 27

Panel Discussion:Virtual Reality and
Training General Surgeons

8:30 am - 12:00 noon

Barney E. Johnston III, Houston, TX

Panel Discussion: Pediatric Burn
Management

10:30 am - 12:00 noon

Ronald G. Tompkins, MD, FACS, Bos-
ton, MA

Robert L. Sheridan, MD, FACS, Lexing-
ton, MA, willreplace Dr. Tompkins and
speak on “Skin Substitutes: What is
Available? What is Best?”

Wednesday, October 28

Panel Discussion: Clinical Pathways
in Pediatric Surgery

8:00 - 10:00 am

Thom E Lobe, MD, FACS,

Memphis, TN

Motion Picture
Sessions

Tuesday, October 27
8:30 am to 12:30 pm

Ciné Clinics: Hernia

The first videotape presentation is titled:
“Inguinal Herniorrhaphy: Posterior
Buttressed Mesh Repair via
Laparoscopy (TEP)” by C. Daniel Smith,
MD, FACS, Atlanta, GA.

Wednesday, October 28
8:30 am to 12:30 pm

Cine Clinics: Plastic Surgery

The third videotape presentation is:
“Cranial Base Fibrosarcoma: Surgical
Management” by Alan E. Seyfer, MD,
FACS, Portland, OR; Dennis E.
McDonnell, MD, FACS, Augusta, GA;
William J. Dichtel, MD, FACS, Roanoke,
VA; John F. Graham, MD, FACS, Hono-
lulu, HI; Larry A. Sargent, MD, FACS,
Chattanooga, TN; and Rosendo
Ichochea, MD.

The fourth videotape presentation,
“Endoscopic Midface Elevation in
Combination with Endoscopic Brow
Lift and SMAS Rhytidectomy,” is co-
authored by Michael Y. Byun, MD,
Chicago, IL.

The seventh videotape presentation
is entitled “Microsurgical Correction
of Asymmetric Facial Contour," by
John W. Siebert, MD, FACS, New
York, NY.

Trauma and Critical Care - 1999

The Western States Committee on
Trauma will sponsor Pathways to Ex-
cellence on March 22-24, 1999, at
Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, NV.

The program offers comprehensive
continuing education in the treatment
of the seriously injured patient stress-
ing current techniques and technology
for evaluation, diagnosis, and manage-
ment of trauma.

Course topics will include: Revers-
ibility and Resuscitation End Points;
Trauma Lab Panel: Essential? Nice to
Have? Ridiculous?; Laparsocopy and
Thoracoscopy - EC, OR, ICU; Other
Injury Etiologies: Seatblets, Airbags,
Lawnmowers; Thoracic Aortic Injury:
Stabilization, Timing, and Approach;
Trauma Laparotomy: A Systematic Ap-
proach; Closure After Abdominal
Compartment Syndrome: Timing and
Technique; Chest Tubes: Everything
You Wanted to Know But Were Afraid
to Ask; Venous Access: Technique
and Controversy; Trauma Training
Perceptions; The Mangled Extrem-
ity; Trauma in the Pregnant Patient;
Managing “ BIG” Trauma in the “Ru-
ral” Setting; Managing Bad Head &
High C- Spine Injuries; Continuing
Advances in Trauma Ultrasound; Dif-
ficult Management Problems; Evolv-
ing Trauma Issues; Decision Making
in the ICU; Ethical Issues; Trauma
Case Management sessions; and in-
teractive panels.

Faculty will include: H. Scott Bjerke,
MD, FACS, Las Vegas, NV; Henry C.

The American College of Surgeons

Cleveland, MD, FACS, Denver, CO;
Demetrios Demetriades, MD, FACS,
Los Angeles, CA; John Fildes, MD,
FACS, Las Vegas, NV; Steven K. Hamar,
MD, FACS, Bismarck, ND; David N.
Herndon, MD, FACS, Galveston, TX;
David B. Hoyt, MD, FACS; San Diego,
CA; Steven B. Johnson, MD, FACS,
Tucson, AZ; Gregory J. Jurkovich, MD,
FACS, Seattle, WA; James F. Kellam,
MD, FACS, Charlotte, NC; M. Marga-
ret Knduson, MD, FACS, San Francisco,
CA; Norman E. McSwain, Jr., MD,
FACS, New Orleans, LA; Kenneth L.
Mattox, MD, FACS, Houston, TX;
Kimball I. Maull, MD, FACS, Birming-
ham, AL; Franklin L. Mitchell, Jr., MD,
FACS, Columbia, MO; Robert C.
Mackersie, MD, FACS, San Francisco;
Richard J. Mullins, MD, FACS, Port-
land, OR; Ernest E. Moore, Jr., MD,
FACS, Denver, CO; John M. Porter,
MD, FACS, Oakland, CA; George H.
Rodman, Jr., MD, FACS, Indianapolis,
IN; J. David Richardson, MD, FACS,
Louisville, KY; G. Tom Shires, MD,
FACS, Las Vegas, NV; R. Stephen Smith,
MD, FACS, Wichita, KS; Donald D.
Trunkey, MD, FACS, Portland, OR; Alex
B. Valadka, MD, FACS, Houston, TX;
Matthew J. Wall, Jr., MD, FACS, Hous-
ton, TX; and David E. Wesson, MD,
FACS, Houston, TX.

For further information please visit
the ACS Web site at www.facs@org or
call 312/202-5342. Brochures will be
available at the ACS Resource Center
Trauma booth.

October 27, 1998 7

s puven Othe 4g :

The Board of Regents gathered Saturday for their annual luncheon meeting. Pictured, front row, left to right: Edward M. Copeland III, Gainesville, FL; Thomas R.
Russell, San Francisco, CA; Samuel A. Wells, Jr., Chicago, IL; Seymour I. Schwartz, Rochester, NY; Margaret F. Longo, Hot Springs, AR; Harvey W. Bender, Jr.,
Nashville, TN; Paul C. Peters, Dallas, TX; Theodore Lawwill, Prospect, KY; and George D. Wilbanks, Chicago, IL. Back row: Bernard Langer, Toronto, ON; Jonathan
L. Meakins, Montreal, PQ; Edward R. Laws Jr., Charlottesville, VA; Gerald B. Healy, Boston, MA; Paul E. Collicott, Lincoln, NE; C. James Carrico, Dallas, TX; Roger
S. Foster, Jr., Atlanta, GA; Richard R. Sabo, Bozeman, MT; and Ronald E. Rosenthal, New Hyde Park, NY.

ON-SITE REGIS
International

Registration totals

As of Tuesday afternoon, total registration for the Clinical Congress
Experience the latest in simulation devices at a “virtual hospital” at the WaS 11,050; 6,503 were physicians and the rest were exhibitors,
Technology Pavilion in the Scientific Exhibits Section of the Convention Center. guests, spouses, or convention personnel.

8 The American College of Surgeons October 27, 1998